Characteristics Of Abraham Maslow - 827 Words

Erikson’s theory looks at personality from a developmental perspective. Abraham Maslow, however, studied the positive aspects of people to discover what makes a healthy personality. Through his research, Maslow developed his now famous hierarchy of innate needs. At the bottom of his ascending pyramid are the physiological needs for food and water, and even, according to Maslow, sex. The next level is comprised of safety needs: security, order, and stability. Children need to feel safe and secure in their environment and feel free from fear and anxiety. The third level includes needs for belongingness and love through close relationships with others. After belongingness and love are esteem needs. One will feel a sense of self-worth†¦show more content†¦S. Lewis. Due to the constraints of space, however, only a few will be highlighted. Lewis certainly experienced a sense of awe and wonder, as well as having â€Å"peak experiences.† Maslow explains that self-actualized individuals â€Å"sometimes feel like spies or aliens in a foreign land† (Maslow, as cited in Heylighen, 1992, para. 27). Lewis (1955) describes experiencing an â€Å"intense desire† which he called â€Å"joy† (pp. 18-19). In Mere Christianity, Lewis (1952) writes, If I find in myself a desire which no experience in this world can satisfy, the most probable explanation is that I was made for another world†¦.I must never let it get snowed under or turned aside; I must make it the main object of life to press on to that other country and to help others do the same. (pp. 136-137) Joy as a peak experience was a focus in Lewis’s life. Wonder, awe and peak â€Å"joy† experiences, however, are not his only characteristics. Lewis also exhibited an acceptance of himself and others, authenticity and spontaneity, and displayed a focus on and genuine interest in his friends and colleagues. Those close to Lewis describe him as â€Å"unusually cheerful, and [taking] an almost boyish delight† in life (as cited in Nicholi, 2002, p. 115). Furthermore, Lewis was â€Å"great fun, an extremely witty and amusing companion...considerate†¦ [and] more concerned with the welfare of his friends than with himself† (as cited in Nicholi, 2002, p. 115). Not only does this description fit withShow MoreRelatedThe Characteristics Of Carl Rodgers And Abraham Maslow724 Words   |  3 PagesCarl Rodgers and Abraham Maslow both has an optimistic view of human nature. To support the viewpoint, I will be using Maslow’s characteristics of hierarchy needs. The rebuttal of this optimistic view of human nature, can be in the failure of not becoming self-actualizing. Humanistic psychology focuses on human beings, from other creatures, and it does so with a distinctly optimistic outlook, emphasizing three characteristics of human uniqueness: subjectivity, individuality and the capacityRead MoreAbraham Maslow s Influence On The Human Psyche1660 Words   |  7 Pageshave gave so much of their time, and studies spent towards figuring that out. So many people have gave their entire life to understand the human psyche, and one of those great people are Abraham Maslow. He is cited as one of the top ten psychologists of all time, which is not an easy task to achieve. Abraham Maslow was born on April 1 in 1908 in Brooklyn New York. He comes from a Jewish background with his parents coming from Russia as immigrants to the United States of America. Maslow’s childhoodRead MoreAbraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality1082 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality Abraham Maslow was born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. Abraham Maslow grew up in Brooklyn, New York, the first of seven children born to his Jewish parents who emigrated from Russia. His parents were uneducated, but they insisted that he study law. Maslow later described his early childhood as unhappy and lonely, and he spent much of his time in the library immersed in books. At first, Abraham acceded to their wishes and enrolled in theRead MoreAbraham s Theory Of Behaviorism1573 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Harold Maslow was born on April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. He was the first born to his parents, Samuel and Rose Maslow. He was a lonely and unhappy Jewish boy who spent most of his time in the library and among books as a means of comfort and refuge. However, in 1925 at the age of 17 he enrolled at the City College of New York. In 1926, he registered for evening classes at the Brooklyn Law School, then transferred to Cornell University in Ithaca, New York in 1927. In 1928, he transferredRead Moremaslows law970 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Maslow wanted to understand what motivates people. He believed that individuals possess a set of motivation system unrelated to rewards or unconscious desires. The five stages are basic, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization needs. One must satisfy lower level basic needs to meet higher levels growth needs. Life experiences including divorce and loss of a job may cause an individual to fluctuate between levels of the hierarchy. Once these needs have been reasonably satisfied one may be ableRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Self Actualization772 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: The theory of self-actualization was introduced by psychologist Abraham Maslow. Maslow s famous work â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs† has drawn admiration and criticisms from supporters and opponents alike. For Maslow, man quest for self-actualization falls within five hierarchical orders set up in a pyramid style. To become everything that one is capable of becoming, Maslow, noted that the order in which these needs are fulfilled does not always follow the standard progression. FurtherRead MoreHierarchy of Needs in the Workplace910 Words   |  4 PagesBrief Biography: Abraham Maslow Abraham H. Maslow was born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. As the eldest of seven children he was pushed hard for academic success. As a child he was smart yet shy and unhappy; as result he took refuge in reading books. Forty years later, after extensive education and research, Maslow developed the theory of human motivation known as â€Å"Maslows Hierarchy of Needs.† As a psychologist, he noted that some human needs were more powerful than others. Therefore heRead MoreConcepts Vs. Self Actualization1311 Words   |  6 Pageshighest needs; those for meaning in life, in particular† according to Maslow is the best definition. It’s almost like the whole human existence is fighting this battle internally without even knowing it exist and how to overcome it. In order to reach self-actualization, we must know what self-actualization is, comprehend its characteristics, understand what self-actualization vs self-protective system and it’s characteristics an d absorb the details on how to obtain self-actualization. Self-actualizationRead MoreMaslow and Jung: Life and the Workplace955 Words   |  4 PagesMaslow and Jung: Life and the Workplace Personality Theories: Steve Domalik PSY 250 Psychology of Personality Instructor: Pamela Poynter January 24, 2006 Maslow and Jung: Life and the Workplace We work, strive, succeed, and sometimes we fail. What drives us to succeed, or in some cases keeps us from success? Perhaps a better understanding of our motives, and the motives of our colleagues would help us make the personality changes we need to succeed. The way we interact with others inRead MoreThe Importance Of Motivation And Its Outcomes1069 Words   |  5 Pagestheories to keep personnel or employees productive and content. Three theories that can be applied to organizations in order to contribute to the organizational goal or mission accomplishment are: Frederick Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory, Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, and John Stacey Adams’ Equity Theory. Through research, Frederick Herzberg theorized that there were certain features of a position that cause job satisfaction and separate aspects that caused job dissatisfaction. Herzberg

Characteristics Of Abraham Maslow - 827 Words

Erikson’s theory looks at personality from a developmental perspective. Abraham Maslow, however, studied the positive aspects of people to discover what makes a healthy personality. Through his research, Maslow developed his now famous hierarchy of innate needs. At the bottom of his ascending pyramid are the physiological needs for food and water, and even, according to Maslow, sex. The next level is comprised of safety needs: security, order, and stability. Children need to feel safe and secure in their environment and feel free from fear and anxiety. The third level includes needs for belongingness and love through close relationships with others. After belongingness and love are esteem needs. One will feel a sense of self-worth†¦show more content†¦S. Lewis. Due to the constraints of space, however, only a few will be highlighted. Lewis certainly experienced a sense of awe and wonder, as well as having â€Å"peak experiences.† Maslow explains that self-actualized individuals â€Å"sometimes feel like spies or aliens in a foreign land† (Maslow, as cited in Heylighen, 1992, para. 27). Lewis (1955) describes experiencing an â€Å"intense desire† which he called â€Å"joy† (pp. 18-19). In Mere Christianity, Lewis (1952) writes, If I find in myself a desire which no experience in this world can satisfy, the most probable explanation is that I was made for another world†¦.I must never let it get snowed under or turned aside; I must make it the main object of life to press on to that other country and to help others do the same. (pp. 136-137) Joy as a peak experience was a focus in Lewis’s life. Wonder, awe and peak â€Å"joy† experiences, however, are not his only characteristics. Lewis also exhibited an acceptance of himself and others, authenticity and spontaneity, and displayed a focus on and genuine interest in his friends and colleagues. Those close to Lewis describe him as â€Å"unusually cheerful, and [taking] an almost boyish delight† in life (as cited in Nicholi, 2002, p. 115). Furthermore, Lewis was â€Å"great fun, an extremely witty and amusing companion...considerate†¦ [and] more concerned with the welfare of his friends than with himself† (as cited in Nicholi, 2002, p. 115). Not only does this description fit withShow MoreRelatedThe Characteristics Of Carl Rodgers And Abraham Maslow724 Words   |  3 PagesCarl Rodgers and Abraham Maslow both has an optimistic view of human nature. To support the viewpoint, I will be using Maslow’s characteristics of hierarchy needs. The rebuttal of this optimistic view of human nature, can be in the failure of not becoming self-actualizing. Humanistic psychology focuses on human beings, from other creatures, and it does so with a distinctly optimistic outlook, emphasizing three characteristics of human uniqueness: subjectivity, individuality and the capacityRead MoreAbraham Maslow s Influence On The Human Psyche1660 Words   |  7 Pageshave gave so much of their time, and studies spent towards figuring that out. So many people have gave their entire life to understand the human psyche, and one of those great people are Abraham Maslow. He is cited as one of the top ten psychologists of all time, which is not an easy task to achieve. Abraham Maslow was born on April 1 in 1908 in Brooklyn New York. He comes from a Jewish background with his parents coming from Russia as immigrants to the United States of America. Maslow’s childhoodRead MoreAbraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality1082 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality Abraham Maslow was born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. Abraham Maslow grew up in Brooklyn, New York, the first of seven children born to his Jewish parents who emigrated from Russia. His parents were uneducated, but they insisted that he study law. Maslow later described his early childhood as unhappy and lonely, and he spent much of his time in the library immersed in books. At first, Abraham acceded to their wishes and enrolled in theRead MoreAbraham s Theory Of Behaviorism1573 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Harold Maslow was born on April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. He was the first born to his parents, Samuel and Rose Maslow. He was a lonely and unhappy Jewish boy who spent most of his time in the library and among books as a means of comfort and refuge. However, in 1925 at the age of 17 he enrolled at the City College of New York. In 1926, he registered for evening classes at the Brooklyn Law School, then transferred to Cornell University in Ithaca, New York in 1927. In 1928, he transferredRead Moremaslows law970 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Maslow wanted to understand what motivates people. He believed that individuals possess a set of motivation system unrelated to rewards or unconscious desires. The five stages are basic, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization needs. One must satisfy lower level basic needs to meet higher levels growth needs. Life experiences including divorce and loss of a job may cause an individual to fluctuate between levels of the hierarchy. Once these needs have been reasonably satisfied one may be ableRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Self Actualization772 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: The theory of self-actualization was introduced by psychologist Abraham Maslow. Maslow s famous work â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs† has drawn admiration and criticisms from supporters and opponents alike. For Maslow, man quest for self-actualization falls within five hierarchical orders set up in a pyramid style. To become everything that one is capable of becoming, Maslow, noted that the order in which these needs are fulfilled does not always follow the standard progression. FurtherRead MoreHierarchy of Needs in the Workplace910 Words   |  4 PagesBrief Biography: Abraham Maslow Abraham H. Maslow was born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. As the eldest of seven children he was pushed hard for academic success. As a child he was smart yet shy and unhappy; as result he took refuge in reading books. Forty years later, after extensive education and research, Maslow developed the theory of human motivation known as â€Å"Maslows Hierarchy of Needs.† As a psychologist, he noted that some human needs were more powerful than others. Therefore heRead MoreConcepts Vs. Self Actualization1311 Words   |  6 Pageshighest needs; those for meaning in life, in particular† according to Maslow is the best definition. It’s almost like the whole human existence is fighting this battle internally without even knowing it exist and how to overcome it. In order to reach self-actualization, we must know what self-actualization is, comprehend its characteristics, understand what self-actualization vs self-protective system and it’s characteristics an d absorb the details on how to obtain self-actualization. Self-actualizationRead MoreMaslow and Jung: Life and the Workplace955 Words   |  4 PagesMaslow and Jung: Life and the Workplace Personality Theories: Steve Domalik PSY 250 Psychology of Personality Instructor: Pamela Poynter January 24, 2006 Maslow and Jung: Life and the Workplace We work, strive, succeed, and sometimes we fail. What drives us to succeed, or in some cases keeps us from success? Perhaps a better understanding of our motives, and the motives of our colleagues would help us make the personality changes we need to succeed. The way we interact with others inRead MoreThe Importance Of Motivation And Its Outcomes1069 Words   |  5 Pagestheories to keep personnel or employees productive and content. Three theories that can be applied to organizations in order to contribute to the organizational goal or mission accomplishment are: Frederick Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory, Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, and John Stacey Adams’ Equity Theory. Through research, Frederick Herzberg theorized that there were certain features of a position that cause job satisfaction and separate aspects that caused job dissatisfaction. Herzberg

Characteristics Of Abraham Maslow - 827 Words

Erikson’s theory looks at personality from a developmental perspective. Abraham Maslow, however, studied the positive aspects of people to discover what makes a healthy personality. Through his research, Maslow developed his now famous hierarchy of innate needs. At the bottom of his ascending pyramid are the physiological needs for food and water, and even, according to Maslow, sex. The next level is comprised of safety needs: security, order, and stability. Children need to feel safe and secure in their environment and feel free from fear and anxiety. The third level includes needs for belongingness and love through close relationships with others. After belongingness and love are esteem needs. One will feel a sense of self-worth†¦show more content†¦S. Lewis. Due to the constraints of space, however, only a few will be highlighted. Lewis certainly experienced a sense of awe and wonder, as well as having â€Å"peak experiences.† Maslow explains that self-actualized individuals â€Å"sometimes feel like spies or aliens in a foreign land† (Maslow, as cited in Heylighen, 1992, para. 27). Lewis (1955) describes experiencing an â€Å"intense desire† which he called â€Å"joy† (pp. 18-19). In Mere Christianity, Lewis (1952) writes, If I find in myself a desire which no experience in this world can satisfy, the most probable explanation is that I was made for another world†¦.I must never let it get snowed under or turned aside; I must make it the main object of life to press on to that other country and to help others do the same. (pp. 136-137) Joy as a peak experience was a focus in Lewis’s life. Wonder, awe and peak â€Å"joy† experiences, however, are not his only characteristics. Lewis also exhibited an acceptance of himself and others, authenticity and spontaneity, and displayed a focus on and genuine interest in his friends and colleagues. Those close to Lewis describe him as â€Å"unusually cheerful, and [taking] an almost boyish delight† in life (as cited in Nicholi, 2002, p. 115). Furthermore, Lewis was â€Å"great fun, an extremely witty and amusing companion...considerate†¦ [and] more concerned with the welfare of his friends than with himself† (as cited in Nicholi, 2002, p. 115). Not only does this description fit withShow MoreRelatedThe Characteristics Of Carl Rodgers And Abraham Maslow724 Words   |  3 PagesCarl Rodgers and Abraham Maslow both has an optimistic view of human nature. To support the viewpoint, I will be using Maslow’s characteristics of hierarchy needs. The rebuttal of this optimistic view of human nature, can be in the failure of not becoming self-actualizing. Humanistic psychology focuses on human beings, from other creatures, and it does so with a distinctly optimistic outlook, emphasizing three characteristics of human uniqueness: subjectivity, individuality and the capacityRead MoreAbraham Maslow s Influence On The Human Psyche1660 Words   |  7 Pageshave gave so much of their time, and studies spent towards figuring that out. So many people have gave their entire life to understand the human psyche, and one of those great people are Abraham Maslow. He is cited as one of the top ten psychologists of all time, which is not an easy task to achieve. Abraham Maslow was born on April 1 in 1908 in Brooklyn New York. He comes from a Jewish background with his parents coming from Russia as immigrants to the United States of America. Maslow’s childhoodRead MoreAbraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality1082 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality Abraham Maslow was born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. Abraham Maslow grew up in Brooklyn, New York, the first of seven children born to his Jewish parents who emigrated from Russia. His parents were uneducated, but they insisted that he study law. Maslow later described his early childhood as unhappy and lonely, and he spent much of his time in the library immersed in books. At first, Abraham acceded to their wishes and enrolled in theRead MoreAbraham s Theory Of Behaviorism1573 Words   |  7 PagesAbraham Harold Maslow was born on April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. He was the first born to his parents, Samuel and Rose Maslow. He was a lonely and unhappy Jewish boy who spent most of his time in the library and among books as a means of comfort and refuge. However, in 1925 at the age of 17 he enrolled at the City College of New York. In 1926, he registered for evening classes at the Brooklyn Law School, then transferred to Cornell University in Ithaca, New York in 1927. In 1928, he transferredRead Moremaslows law970 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Maslow wanted to understand what motivates people. He believed that individuals possess a set of motivation system unrelated to rewards or unconscious desires. The five stages are basic, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization needs. One must satisfy lower level basic needs to meet higher levels growth needs. Life experiences including divorce and loss of a job may cause an individual to fluctuate between levels of the hierarchy. Once these needs have been reasonably satisfied one may be ableRead MoreMaslow s Theory Of Self Actualization772 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: The theory of self-actualization was introduced by psychologist Abraham Maslow. Maslow s famous work â€Å"Hierarchy of Needs† has drawn admiration and criticisms from supporters and opponents alike. For Maslow, man quest for self-actualization falls within five hierarchical orders set up in a pyramid style. To become everything that one is capable of becoming, Maslow, noted that the order in which these needs are fulfilled does not always follow the standard progression. FurtherRead MoreHierarchy of Needs in the Workplace910 Words   |  4 PagesBrief Biography: Abraham Maslow Abraham H. Maslow was born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. As the eldest of seven children he was pushed hard for academic success. As a child he was smart yet shy and unhappy; as result he took refuge in reading books. Forty years later, after extensive education and research, Maslow developed the theory of human motivation known as â€Å"Maslows Hierarchy of Needs.† As a psychologist, he noted that some human needs were more powerful than others. Therefore heRead MoreConcepts Vs. Self Actualization1311 Words   |  6 Pageshighest needs; those for meaning in life, in particular† according to Maslow is the best definition. It’s almost like the whole human existence is fighting this battle internally without even knowing it exist and how to overcome it. In order to reach self-actualization, we must know what self-actualization is, comprehend its characteristics, understand what self-actualization vs self-protective system and it’s characteristics an d absorb the details on how to obtain self-actualization. Self-actualizationRead MoreMaslow and Jung: Life and the Workplace955 Words   |  4 PagesMaslow and Jung: Life and the Workplace Personality Theories: Steve Domalik PSY 250 Psychology of Personality Instructor: Pamela Poynter January 24, 2006 Maslow and Jung: Life and the Workplace We work, strive, succeed, and sometimes we fail. What drives us to succeed, or in some cases keeps us from success? Perhaps a better understanding of our motives, and the motives of our colleagues would help us make the personality changes we need to succeed. The way we interact with others inRead MoreThe Importance Of Motivation And Its Outcomes1069 Words   |  5 Pagestheories to keep personnel or employees productive and content. Three theories that can be applied to organizations in order to contribute to the organizational goal or mission accomplishment are: Frederick Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory, Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, and John Stacey Adams’ Equity Theory. Through research, Frederick Herzberg theorized that there were certain features of a position that cause job satisfaction and separate aspects that caused job dissatisfaction. Herzberg

Top Uc Personal Statement Essay Samples Reviews!

Top Uc Personal Statement Essay Samples Reviews! Also, make sure you aren't using more than 1 hook in the essay as it is only going to make it even more crowded and confusing. The personal essay is among the most common sorts of writing assignment instead of just in freshman composition courses. The reader will remain curious to understand your resources, so he can easily determine the soundness of your essay. That means you must strictly adhere to the subject, and don't attempt to answer to a lot of questions in the exact same essay. Once you get a rough idea about what your scholarship essay will be about, you've got to re-read the directions very thoroughly. Generally, the size of scholarship essays is limited to a number of pages. Bear in mind, an admission essay sample may be a good way to find out more about the writing procedure and understand the task better. Consequently, students may think of different thesis for unique themes to compose essays on hamlet. What all you will need is getting the assistance from a specialist and EssaysChief is going to be the expert that you seek out. As stated earlier, it shows your private side. Luckily, there are many colleges that either don't demand a supplement or give the option of an optional supplement. Though someone might not have any political ambitions at the right time of application to law school, they can be destined for public service in the event the traits which make a great leader can be observed via the admission essay. What belongs to a fantas tic personal statement is unique to each individual. Instructions are rather important if you need to make sure that your statement of purpose will be effective. There are a lot of websites that provide college personal statement examples so that you won't ever run out of fresh ideas. The person who you select will make an absolutely exclusive personal statement, made according your precise requirements and requirements. If you've already chosen the area of your studies more or less, it's important not to be mistaken with the right country. Irrespective of your purpose or interest level in learning data engineering, it's important that you know precisely what data engineering is all about. There are a number of ways to get new info. Students in addition to professionals frequently have difficulty representing their data from qualitative research to themselves to be able to analyze it. To qualify, public schools should have affordable tuition and offer need-based financial s upport to all in-state residents. It's essential to note that not all Coalition schools need an essay. Education in a private university isn't always better. Public universities exist at the cost of public funds. It will don't forget to accompany an admissions. Totally free academic individuals who do not have any notion that begs to write essay on-line degree programs. Tell us about your special circumstance and the way you're able to give rise to the UC Berkeley community. Well being Despite your best efforts, there could be times when you're not really able to pursue your ends. If you have a good idea of your future, now is an excellent time to check whether your ambitions continue to be relevant, realistic and achievable. While you might have spent plenty of time working on your goals for the next calendar year, there are lots of things which are going to become in your way to achieving them. A goal has to be time bound. The Do's and Don'ts of Uc Personal Statement Essay Samples Both types of essays are broken up into three parts that are the introduction, body and conclusion. Sufficient information is provided, but insufficient to identify the precise person. Everything one me ntions in the SOP ought to be in line and in connection with the course applied for and future targets. The researched material ought to be read carefully so as to take out the notes. If you ask a particular question, your teacher will have the ability to help you straight away. If you're struggling with writing essays and need to boost your skills, taking a course or workshop can be exceedingly helpful. Since teachers utilize plagiarism checkers that search the web, writing companies have to supply students with their essays through email due to the privacy. If your teacher lets you keep it overnight, you may always earn a copy so that you have the sample to check at as you are working. Things You Should Know About Uc Personal Statement Essay Samples Maybe it has a superb academic reputation and robust exam benefits. Writing services have been popular by the majority of applicants as a means to make leverage in their application. Although prospective students will naturall y wish to present themselves in the ideal light, they need to resist the desire to inflate their abilities or aggrandize their accomplishments. Lawyers that are quick-witted enough can easily spot the constructive and negative facets of a situation, allowing them to steer their customers toward a more favorable location or situation.

Why we dropped the Atomic Bomb Essay Example For Students

Why we dropped the Atomic Bomb Essay The dropping of the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August of 1945 was a definite turning point in the Pacific War of World War II. Earlier that year, Germany had been defeated and the world then turned its attention to the Pacific war. Most history books state the argument that the dropping of the atomic bombs on Japan was necessary to stop the war in order to save thousands of lives of American troops that were planning to invade Japan. Had the bombs not been employed (so the wisdom goes), an enormous number of American troops would have perished in an inevitable amphibious operation against the Japanese mainland.(McManus 1) This paper will demonstrate that Japan was willing to surrender before the bombs were used, and there were other hidden reasons for using the bombs. If you ask a high school graduate what the result of the atomic bombs on Japan was, he or she would most certainly answer the immediate surrender of all Japanese forces. That should be satisfactory enough to not question the issue any further. If you ask the same student wether the Japanese would have surrendered without the bombs, he or she will hesitate and will probably not be able to give an answer. The reason for this is that the history text books at school teach students a black and white fact: the atomic bombs were the only way to make the Japanese surrender. According to Francis E. Kazemek: most texts focus on abstract facts and figures, offering little discussion of the reality of the bombing.(Kazemek 2)The atomic bomb should not be considered as the only decisive factor for the Japanese surrender, but as the straw that broke the camels back. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese empire continued to expand rapidly during the first half of 1942. Its empire extended from Manchuria and the Aleutian Islands to the north, New Guinea to the south, Burma to the west and the Marshall Islands to the east. Nevertheless, the tide turned against Japan when Germany was defeate d in May 1945 and the Americans took over the Marian Islands in 1944.(Long 1) The Americans needed the Marian Islands as an air base to be able to bomb Japan directly. Winston Churchill wrote in his personal narrative of the Second World War, The time at last had come to strike at the enemys homeland.(Churchill 540) Before then, Japan had virtually been untouched by any allied bombings because there had been no air bases close enough or an aircraft that could withstand flying nonstop for miles. The B-29, an aircraft designed to fly long distances without refueling, began to systematically bomb Japan. It was the B-29 that flew the atomic bombs to Japan. This aircraft took the war home to Japan.(Garvey 45)The B-29 firebombings on Tokyo and the effective blockade of supplies for Japan by the American submarines weakened the Japanese empire. Meanwhile, the Americans troops and back home were fed the idea that the Japanese would never surrender and the war would go on forever. But in fac t, the Japanese had sent peace feelers to the West as early as 1942, only six months after the December 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. More would come in a flood long before the fateful use of the atomic bombs.(McManus 1) Even before the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Japanese were divided into two groups. The peace party included the Emperor Hirohito and officers in the navy. The war party, headed by Army leader Tojo, included fanatical military members, believed that Japans empire should cover all the islands of the pacific and were responsible for the attack on the navy base in Pearl Harbor.(McManus) On different ocassions, the Japanese hinted their interest in peace negotiations through different channels. They contacted the British after the the Battle of Midway with a message from the Japanese foreign minister Togo. The message said that the Japanese was ready to be helpful if the British Government was willing to talk.(McManus 2) In the United States, Army chief of Staff George M arshall wanted to continue fighting and did not want to hear of any peace or surrender talks. He believed in a full-scale invasion of Japan. President Roosevelt was greatly influenced by George Marshall.(McManus 3) To talk about peace with Japan was a difficult matter. Because Japan was divided into two separate groups, it was important to come to a clear agreement to not give the war party any motives to overthrow the government and take the war farther than it should.(Howarth 216) In July 1945, after the Germans had been defeated, the Big Three, Winston Churchill, Josef Stalin and President Roosevelt got together in the Postdam Conference, they agreed with the decision of giving Japan unconditional surrender. The United States felt confident because, at that moment, they already had the atomic bomb.(Leckie 936)When the Japanese gave a negative response, the United States took it as a sign that the Japanese were not interested in peace and made plans its accordingly to cast one ato mic bomb on Hiroshima and one on Nagasaki.(Churchill 556) The main reason for this misunderstanding was because the Americans failed to see the importance of several cultural and political aspects of the Japanese. General Dwight Eisenhower, supreme commander of the Allied forces understood these aspects when he said:Japan was at that moment seeking some way to surrender with a minimum loss of faceIt wasnt necessary to hit them with that awful thing(atomic bomb).(Bloomfield 1) General MacArthur had already informed President Roosevelt in January of 1945 under what terms the Japanese were willing to surrender, but Roosevelt dismissed them because he had made up his mind to continue fighting.(McManus 5)The ultimatum given to the Japanese in Postdam did not specify what the position of the Emperor would be in the case of a surrender. This was not acceptable to the Japanese, who considered the Emperor as their god, the heart of the Japanese people and culture.(Long 2) Without actually sp ecifying it, the Postdam ultimatum did appear to be threatening to the Emperor:There must be eliminated for all time the authority and influence of those who have deceived and misled the people of Japan into embarking on world conquest and stern justice shall be melted out to all war criminals.(Postdam 2 pg. 1474-1476/Long 2) According to Henry Stimson, Secretary of War: Only the imperial authority would induce the unconquered Japanese armies in Southeast Asia, China and Manchuria to lay down their arms. (Leckie 94) U.S. official Robert Morris reported that after careful interrogation to Japanese prisoners that the Japanese would yield most readily if they were assured that they could keep Emperor Hirohito.(McManus 3) The Japanese maintained their political and cultural structure even after the bombings. For those who believe that the bombings brought on the immediate surrender of Japan, they are mistaken. On August 14, 1945, five days after the bombings, the Japanese had still not surrendered. According the Japanese politics, only the Japanese Cabinet could rule for surrender. It was not the Emperors place to interfere in politics. In order to surrender, the voting had to be unanimous. There were some members of the Cabinet that opposed surrender and believed that the Japanese could still win the war, such as Minister Anami. The Cabinet finally voted unanimously when the Emperor asked the Cabinet to accede to my wishes and forthwith accept the Allied reply.(Long 3) Minister Anami said, As a Japanese soldier, I must obey my soldier.(Long 3)The participation of the USSR in the war against Japan brought on serious implications and was a factor that pushed the United States to use the bombs. When President Roosevelt went to the Yalta Conference in February 1945, Germany was practically defeated. Roosevelt wanted to determine the USSRs participation in the war against Japan. Roosevelt did not have the support of the atomic bombs and was not sure exactly when he wo uld. Stalin agreed to fight against the Japanese under certain conditions. Stalin said that he wanted the territories that the Japanese had taken from the USSR during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904. Roosevelt and Churchill surprisingly agreed to give Stalin some rights over China without reporting this to China. Robert Sherwood said, If China had refused to agree to any of the Soviet claims, presumably the U.S. and Britain would have been compelled to join in enforcing them.(Leckie 847)Once the bomb was completed, the German army had capitulated, therefore, it was decided to use the bomb on Japan. Roosevelt decided, first, to invite the Japanese to attend an explosion of the bomb to convince them to surrender. This never happened because President Roosevelt died and the new president, Harry Truman had different plans.(Pirenne 432)President Truman had no clue the atomic bombs existed until he became president. He realized that with the bombs the Russian participation in the war again st the Japanese was unnecessary. While Truman attended the Postdam Conference in July , 1945, he learned about the successful test of the first atomic bomb. When Truman told Churcill about the bomb, Churchill said, The end of the Japanese War no longer depended upon the pouring in of their (the Russians armies)We had no need to ask favours of them.(Churchill 553) He then wrote to the British Foreign Secretary, It is quite clear that the United States do not at the present time desire Russian partcipation in the war against Japan.(Howarth 217) When Truman told Stalin about the bomb, he was very vague and he casually mentioned to Stalin that we had a new weapon of unusual destructive force.(Truman 416) Did this mean that he wanted the atomic bomb to be as much as a surprise to the Russians as to the Japanese? According to Blackett, the author of Fear, War, and the Bomb, President Truman wanted the bomb dropped before Stalin entered the war. Blackett states that US Secretary of State J ames F. Byrnes wrote in his diary that the Americans were most anxious to get the Japanese affair over with before the Russians got in.(Yew Teng 2) Blackett also mentions the diary entry of Walter Brown, an assistant to Byrnes, that suggests that Truman and Byrne considered the bomb as a way to reduce Soviet political influence in Asia. Brown noted that Truman was hoping for a quick surrender of Japan in order to stop the Russians from pressing any claims in China.(Yew Teng 2) A militarian historian, Basil Liddell Hart, wrote, President Truman and most of his chief adviserswere now as intent on using the atomic bomb to accelerate Japans collapse as Stalin was on entering the war against Japan before it ended, in order to gain an advantegeous position in the Far East.(Howarth 218) After Germanys defeat, Stalin took as much as he could in Eastern Europe. Stalin wanted to take part in the war against Japan to take parts of China and share in the occupation of Japan as the price of his participation.(Howarth 216) The decision to use the atomic bomb on the Japanese was simply spurred by the fact that the bombs were available. Initially, the bomb was built to use against the Germans. The Americans had reasons to fear that the Germans were building a bomb of their own. The bombs were completed after Germany was defeated. The attention of the Americans was focused on ending the war in Japan. The Manhattan Project, the project in charge of building the bombs, had already cost the United States over 1 billion dollars. It is estimated to have cost as much as all the scientific research previously conducted by mankind from the beginning of recorded time.(Howarth 204) People have asked themselves why the second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. The Hiroshima bomb was a uranium bomb and the Nagasaki bomb was a plutonium bomb. Did this mean that it was a scientific experiment.(Yew Teng 3) The decision to use the bomb on Japanese was easier than using it on Germans. First of all, Japan had directly attacked an American base, which created racist feelings in the Americans against the Japanese. According to journalist Coleman, few American soldiers that fought in Germany are sorry that they did not obliterate the Germans. On the other hand, most soldiers that fought against the Japanese there is an underlying anit-Japanese hatred that is visceral and strong. He also said wether the United States would have used it on a Bavarian city full of blonde-haired children is hard to tell. But precious little soul-searching went into the decisions to incinerate whole cities of Japanese. President Truman expressed his racist feelings openly. How do you account for the co existence of poverty EssayDannen, Gene. Harry S. Truman, Diary, July 25, 1945, availableemail: emailprotected 1995Enola Gay (aircraft), Infotrac, vers. Mac Computer Software, Information Access Incorp., 1995Howarth, Tony. 20th Century History: The World since 1900, Essex, Longman, 1983. Kazamek, Francis. Two handfuls of bone and ashes: teaching our children about Hiroshima, Infotrac:vers Mac ComputerSoftware, Information Access, Incorp. 1995. Leckie, Robert. Delivered from Evil: The Saga of World War II,New York, Harper and Row, 1987. Long, Doug. Hiroshima:Was it absolutely necessary?, Internet. McManus, John F.Why did the US unleash its terrible weapon? Appleton, 1995. InternetPirenne, Jacques. Historia Universal VIII, Mexico, Cumbre, 1976. Postdam versions. Available at WWW at: http://www.peak.org/danneng/decision/postdam.html InternetYew Teng, Fan. Truman and his A-bombs, Penang, Third World Network, 1993. NetscapeRESEARCH PAPER THESIS AND OUTLINEThesis statement: The reasons why the United States government used dropped the bombs on Japan are contrary to the history books versions. I. The atomic bomb was not used to make the Japanese surrendera. The Japanese were weakened by late 1944b. The Japanese had already tried to begin a peace talkc. The United States gave them unconditional surrenderII. The Postdam Conference and the Sovietsa. Truman was afraid of the Soviets interventionb. Truman kept the atomic bomb from Stalin but not from ChurchillIII. The U.S. was tired and wanted to end the war once and for alla. The Pacific war was particurlarly bloodyb. The U.S. held a racist feeling against the JapaneseBIBLIOGRAPHY: Truman Tells Stalin, July 24, 1945. Original document from NetScapeYew Teng, Fan. Truman and his A-Bombs. Third World Network. MalaysiaMcManus, John. Dropping the Bomb American Opinion Publishing, Appleton, WI 1995. Bloomfield, Janet. Why the atom bomb wasnt necessary to end the war. Campaign for Nuclear Disarment London, EnglandSzilard Petition Letter. U.S. National Archives folder #76A petition to the President of the United States. U.S. National Archives folder #76Howarth, Tony 20th Century History-The world since 1900 Longman House. Essex, England

P.Shyam Sundar 11G Essays - Treaty Of Versailles,

P.Shyam Sundar11G The Treaty of Versailles - Source Based Questions a) Many historians have viewed the Treaty of Versailles in varied contexts. Some historians support the German claim that the treaty was extremely harsh towards them while others seem to acknowledge the fact that the Treaty was anything but damaging to the Germans, as the Second World War seems to prove. But the most important aspect to focus on in the answering of this question is the concept of nationalism. Source C is a quotation found in a secondary source in the form of an extract from a speech made by a German MP in 1919. The claim of "inflicting the deepest wounds on us Germans" seems to be supported by Source B. Sources D and E, however, do not share the same viewpoint as the German MP in Source C. The peace treaty that marks the end of any Great War is almost always dictated by the victors; the Treaty of Versailles was no different. Georges Clemenceau of France, Llyod George of Britain and Woodrow Wilson of the USA were the three major players. Clemenceau wanted a harsh Treaty that would cripple Germany both economically and militarily so that she would never be a threat to France again, this aim of his is clearly represented in Clause 160 of Source B. But 100,000 men and 6 battle ships was a mere trifle compared to the extensive armies and rapidly developing technology that the super powers of those days possessed. Germany was left with nothing to defend herself with in case of invasion. Furthermore, the blame for starting the war and all the consequences thereof were fixed on Germany (Article 231). This in many senses was extremely unfair, as all the powers had played a role in the start of the First World War. Woodrow Wilson's 14 points were totally overshadowed by Clemenceau who succeeded in imposing his aims on the Treaty. Therefore I believe that Source B does adequately support the claim made in Source C. However, Sources D and E take a completely opposite viewpoint in comparison to Source B. The writers, imminent historians, argue that the Treaty in actual fact did nothing to diminish German power in any way. As the author of Source E notes: "The Treaty of Versailles was not excessively harsh on Germany, either territorially or economically." Humiliation is always a major part of defeat and defeat was not something that the Germans hoped to conceive in World War 1. They believed that they had to win and dictate terms. The Treaty of Versailles that resulted from their defeat also brought immense humiliation and that strong sense of nationalistic pride. After all, the Treaty was being signed in the very hall that had witnessed the defeat of France in 1871 at the hands of Prussia. This actual defeat that the Treaty of Versailles imposed upon them angered the Germans more than the actual terms of the Treaty. The historian in Source C aptly concludes: "However, the German people were expe cting victory and not defeat. It was the acknowledgement of defeat as much as the treaty terms themselves, which they found so hard to accept." b) The views expressed in Sources C, D and E are very much different. One must take into account several different factors that combine to produce this discrepancy. Firstly, the authors of Sources D and E are historians and possess something that the German MP in Source C doesn't and that is hindsight. They have had the opportunity to study the First World War and the Treaty of Versailles in retrospect and have examined the effects on Germany. They have studied the revival of the German economy and the Second World War. Therefore they are in a better position to judge whether or not the Treaty of Versailles was a crippling blow to Germany. The politician in Source C on the other hand is talking on the spur of the moment. The Treaty of Versailles might have been close to completion and the Treaty terms might have seemed a devastating conclusion. The very vision of impending collapse brought on by the treaty might have caused him to lash out in the way that he